split genes การใช้

• Two curious features of evolution's design are those of non-coding DNA and split genes.
• The structure of the eukaryotic split genes is highly complex compared to the simple structure of bacterial genes.
• His research has shown that split genes can easily occur within random DNA sequence whereas contiguous genes of bacteria are extremely improbable to occur.
• He won the 1993 Nobel Prize for the discovery of " split genes " that changed how scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some cancers.
• Robert's research in this field resulted in a fundamental shift in our understanding of genetics, and has led to the discovery of split genes in higher organisms, including human beings.
• Senapathy has formulated a theory based on his Random-sequence Origin of Split Genes model ( ROSG ) to explain why the genes of eukaryotes are split into short exon and long intron sequences.
• 1993 : Richard J . Roberts, Britain; Phillip A . Sharp, United States; discovery of " split genes " that changed how scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some cancers.
• 1993 : Richard J . Roberts, Britain, and Phillip A . Sharp, United States, discovery of " split genes " that changed how scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some cancers.
• Senapathy is also known for offering a new theory on the origin and diversity of life on earth, where he proposes that genomes for eukaryotic life forms could have been directly assembled from a common pool of split genes in prebiotic chemistry.
• _1993 : Richard J . Roberts, Britain, and Phillip A . Sharp, United States, for the discovery of " split genes " that changed how scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some cancers.
• Using his split gene theory and S & S algorithm, Senapathy's team has developed analytical platforms and several database resources dedicated to the analysis of split genes, splice junctions, and mutations in several genomes including human, animals and plants.
• Using his split gene theory and S & S algorithm, Senapathy's team has developed analytical platforms and several database resources dedicated to the analysis of split genes, splice junctions, and mutations in several genomes including human, animals and plants.
• Sharp, chairman of the biology department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Roberts, research director for New England Biolabs of Beverly, Mass ., won the Nobel Prize for their independent discovery in 1977 of " split genes ."
• However, this was a more daunting task than molecular biologists had expected; developments between 1977 and 1980 showed that, due to the phenomena of split genes and splicing, higher organisms had a much more complex system of gene expression than the bacteria models of earlier studies.
• The plastid genome of " C . velia " is unusual in that there is evidence it may be linear and contains split genes for key photosystem genes . The linear state of the " C . velia " plastid genome is a reminder that " C . velia " is not an ancestral organism, but is a derived form, which evolved from an ancestral photosynthetic alveolate that presumably had a circular plastid genome, just as the other known chromerid " Vitrella brassicaformis " does.
• Recent winners of the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology, and their research, according to the Nobel Foundation : _ _ _ _ 2003 : Paul C . Lauterbur, United States, and Sir Peter Mansfield, Britain, for discoveries in magnetic resonance imaging, a technique that reveals the brain and inner organs in breathtaking detail . _ 2002 : Sydney Brenner and John E . Sulston, Britain; H . Robert Horvitz, United States, for discoveries concerning how genes regulate organ development and a process of programmed cell death . _ 2001 : Leland H . Hartwell, United States, R . Timothy ( Tim ) Hunt and Sir Paul M . Nurse, Britain, for the discovery of key regulators of the process that lets cells divide, which is expected to lead to new cancer treatments . _ 2000 : Arvid Carlsson, Sweden, Paul Greengard and Eric R . Kandel, United States, for research on how brain cells transmit signals to each other, thus increasing understanding on how the brain functions and how neurological and psychiatric disorders may be better treated . _ 1999 : Guenter Blobel, United States, for protein research that shed new light on diseases, including cystic fibrosis and early development of kidney stones . _ 1998 : Robert F . Furchgott, Louis J . Ignarro and Ferid Murad, United States, for the discovery of properties of nitric oxide, a common air pollutant but also a lifesaver because of its capacity to dilate blood vessels . _ 1997 : Stanley B . Prusiner, United States, for the discovery of prions, an infectious agent at the heart of several forms of brain-wasting disease . _ 1996 : Peter C . Doherty, Australia, and Rolf M . Zinkernagel, Switzerland, for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes infected cells . _ 1995 : Edward B . Lewis and Eric F . Wieschaus, United States; and Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard, Germany, for discoveries related to how genes control human development in the womb . _ 1994 : Alfred G . Gilman and Martin Rodbell, United States, for the discovery of G-proteins and how cells confuse messages and foster diseases . _ 1993 : Richard J . Roberts, Britain, and Phillip A . Sharp, United States, for the discovery of " split genes " that changed how scientists look at evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some cancers . _ 1992 : Edwin G . Krebs, United States, Edmond H . Fischer, United States and Switzerland, for discoveries concerning the process of " reversible protein phosphorylation " that help explain how imbalances in cells cause diseases . _ 1991 : Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, Germany, for discoveries concerning single ion channels in cells that shed light on mechanisms underlying several diseases, including diabetes and cystic fibrosis . _ 1990 : Joseph E . Murray and E . Donnall Thomas, United States, for discoveries about organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease . _ 1989 : J . Michael Bishop and Harold E . Varmus, United States, for the discovery of a family of genes that helped scientists understand how cancer develops . _ 1988 : Sir James W . Black, Britain, for research that led to the beta-blocker drug for heart disease and the drug for peptic ulcers; and Gertrude B . Elion and George H . Hitchings, United States, for research leading to drugs for AIDS, herpes, leukemia and malaria . _ 1987 : Susumu Tonegawa, Japan, for discovering how the body is able to produce thousands of different antibodies to fight disease . _ 1986 : Stanley Cohen, United States, and Rita Levi-Montalcini, United States and Italy, for discoveries of mechanisms that regulate the growth of cells and organs . _ 1985 : Michael S . Brown and Joseph L . Goldstein, United States, for discoveries involving cholesterol and cholesterol-related diseases . _ 1984 : Niels K . Jerne, Denmark, Georges J . F . Koehler, Germany, and Cesar Milstein, Britain and Argentina, for studies in immunology . _ 1983 : Barbara McClintock, United States, for research in genetics . _ 1982 : John R . Vane, Britain, and Sune K . Bergstrom and Bengt I . Samuelsson, Sweden, for discoveries involving glandular hormones . _ 1981 : David H . Hubel, United States, and Torsten N . Wiesel, Sweden, for the discovery that sight stimulation in infancy was tied to future vision; and Roger W . Sperry, United States, for the demonstration of a kind of division of labor in the brain . _ 1980 : George D . Snell and Baruj Benacerraf, United States, and Jean Dausset, France, for work on genetically determined structures on cell surfaces that regulate immunological reactions . _ 1979 : Allan M . Cormack, United States, and Godfrey N . Hounsfield, Britain, for the development of the computer-assisted tomography X-ray technique . _ 1978 : Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O . Smith, United States, and Werner Arber, Switzerland, for the discovery of a method for breaking apart genetic material . _ 1977 : Rosalyn Yalow, Andrew V . Schally and Roger Guillemin, United States, for developing new techniques for treating the endocrine system and controlling the chemistry of human emotions and disorders.